Knapp Industries began business on January 1, 2018 by issuing all of its 1,550,000 authorized shares of its $1 par value common
stock for $30 per share. On June 30, Knapp declared a cash dividend of $1.25 per share to stockholders of record on July 31. Knapp paid the cash dividend on August 30. On November 1, Knapp reacquired 310,000 of its own shares of stock for $35 per share. On December 22, Knapp resold 155,000 of these shares for $41 per share. Required:
a. Prepare all of the necessary journal entries to record the events described above.
b. Prepare the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 assuming that the net income for the year was $8,000,000
a) The main difference between Financial Accounting and Managerail Accounting is its purposes and the stakeholders who make use of the information that each one provides.
While financial accounting refers to the aggregation of accounting information in the financial statements, management accounting refers to the internal processes used to account for business transactions.
For instance: Financial accounting reports on the results of an entire business, Managerial accounting reports at a more detailed level. Financial accounting must comply with various accounting standards, whereas managerial accounting does not have to comply with any standards when information is compiled for internal consumption.
b) The financial statements most frequently provide are: Balance Sheet or Financial Position, Income Statement, Statement of cash flows and Statement of Changes in Equity.
c) In general, financial reports and financial statements differ in the formal status of financial statements in business and accounting, and these respond to standards such as GAAP and IFRS. While the financial reports have a format or presentation rules given by management, the financial statements, in the other hand, are prepared on regular basis as specific entities are required to do so according to applicable laws. It can be said that financial accounting provides financial statements and managerial accounting is responsible for financial reports.
Implementing plans where functional managers will be held responsible for cost overruns against their original estimate possess both advantages and disadvantages :
The advantages include:
1) Efficient use of Resources : A functional manager could be explained as the head or a person who has managerial authority over a department within a business organization. As such the functional manager will be able to monitor more effectively and take control of his unit. Holding them responsible for cost overruns will ensure that they are more cautious when it comes to resource and cost management as they will not want to be sanctioned.
11) ACCOUNTABILITY: It increases the sense of responsibility of the functional managers as they are being held fully responsible for the decisions made within their unit. This places a higher burden of showing sincerity on the managers.
The disadvantage associated with the plan is the possibility of producing low quality products resulting from the economical and cautious approach embarked upon in other to prevent cost overrun, materials used may be lesser quality than expected.
