Answer and explanation:
Gram positive bacteria :
1) They retain crystal violet stain thus staining purple
2)They only produce exotoxins.
3)Peptidoglycan is thicker and multilayered
4)Techoic acids are present in their cell walls.
5)Lipopolysaccharides are absent in their cell wall.
6)No periplasmic space present
Gram negative bacteria :
1) They retain red safaranin stain thus stain pink.
2)They produce both exotoxins as well as endotoxins.
3)Peptidoglycan is thinner and single layered.
4)Techoic acids are absent in their cell walls.
5)Lipopolysaccharides are present in their cell wall.
6)Periplasmic space in present.
Answer:
Explanation:
Most (but not all) biological macro molecules are polymers, which are any molecules constructed by linking together many smaller molecules, called monomers. If we were to string many carbohydrate monomers together we could make a polyacrylamide like starch. Proteins can be converted into energy, but your body prefers to use them for more essential jobs. Proteins build and repair every tissue in your body. They’re used to make hormones, enzymes, hemoglobin and antibodies, and they’re responsible for functions such as muscle contraction. The proteins in your body are made from 20 different amino acids. Starch or asylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycogen bonds. This polyacrylamide is produced by most green plants as energy storage.
polymer: A relatively large molecule consisting of a chain or network of many identical or similar monomers chemically bonded to each other.
A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular disease, is the necrosis of brain tissue because of ischemia led by variety of factors such as atherosclerosis or long standing hypertension. In this patient, the Wernike's area is most probably damaged as her language understanding is not intact. This is termed as receptive aphasia.
If Broca's area is damaged, then the patient will understand language but will not be able produce language. This is termed as expressive aphasia.
1) a five carbon ribose sugar
2) a phosphate molecule
3) one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil
The recombination frequency of the two gene pairs is 3%.
The number of recombinant offspring(r.o.) / total number of offspring x 100% = recombination frequency(θ):
r.o./total x 100% = θ
30/100 x 100% = 3%
Recombinant offspring are children that have a different allele combination to their parents.
For example, say a mother has a haploid cell with the alleles AB and the father has a haploid cell with the alleles ab. These combine to make a diploid cell with the sequence Aa+Bb.
Formation of Recombinant Offspring :
Recombination can happen in two different ways; independent assortment and crossing over.
- Independent assortment is when the maternal and parental DNA are mixed during meiosis, creating a new gene sequence.
- Crossing over happens during the first stage of meiosis when the two homologous chromosomes are paired and a portion breaks off on the same loci then reconnects to a different end. Crossing over can only happen when there isn't a physical linkage of the parental alleles.
Recombination frequency (θ) is the frequency with which a single chromosomal crossover will take place between two genes during meiosis. A centimorgan (cM) is a unit that describes a recombination frequency of 1%. In this way we can measure the genetic distance between two loci, based upon their recombination frequency. This is a good estimate of the real distance. Double crossovers would turn into no recombination. In this case we cannot tell if crossovers took place. If the loci we're analysing are very close (less than 7 cM) a double crossover is very unlikely. When distances become higher, the likelihood of a double crossover increases. As the likelihood of a double crossover increases we systematically underestimate the genetic distance between two loci.
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
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