The Gracchus reforms which took place in second century B.C by brothers Tiberius and Gaius; esentially attempted to return the land to small farmers (Plebeians) from the hands of the wealthy class (Patricians).
The immediate outcome of this struggle was instability in Rome and the assassination of both brothers directly by the hand of the senators in broad daylight with absolute impunity, this, showing the power of the senate in republican Rome, as well as, how difficult it was to change the situation.
Historians at the time even claim that within 15 years after the Gracchus reforms, the Plebeians were in a much worse position than before, many of them reduced to unemployment.
The outcome in the long term was no good for plebeians either. The reforms had no permanent effect, some of them were repealed at once while some continued with weak effects over time. Land problems and differences between classes plagued Rome at all times thereafter.
Competition to be the best nation
The Navigation Acts were a series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade. British economic policy was based on mercantilism, which aimed to use the American colonies to bolster British state power and finances.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.
Five of the major topics Justinian's Code would address throughout Roman society were the following.
During the times of Emperor Justinian, the ruler ordered the compilation of rules in the Roman Empire to create a powerful legal system that could establish peace and order in society. The major topics were:
1) Religious. The regulation of religious practice in the Empire to strengthen the presence of Christianity.
2) The connection to the state. The state and Christianity were two important institutions in the Empire, and people had to obey both to be considered a citizen.
3) The elimination of pagan rites. Citizens were punished if they dare to organize pagan practices.
4) Punishment for rapers. R*pe was considered a major punishable crime.
5) There were laws that protected women.
In a confederal government, states function independently of one another.
