Answer:
Bridgham et al. (2006) showed that the interaction between a steroid hormone (aldosterone-M) and its receptor (mineralocorticoid) evolved by Darwinian gradualism. In this work, the authors demonstrated a primitive affinity between the hormone and its receptor that was initially present in chemically similar but more ancient ligands. This result has implications in understanding the association between gene duplication and the evolution of hormone signaling pathways. For example, in invertebrates, this work reinforces the importance of gene duplication in the existing interaction between paralogous glucocorticoid receptors and their receptor mineralocorticoid genes that were derived from duplication (Thornton 2001).
The publications above cited are the following:
J.T. Bridgham, S.M. Carroll, and J.W. Thornton (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312(5770), 97-101.
JW Thornton. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS), 2001, vol. 98 10 (pg. 5671-5676).
Answer:
"Examine the list of all known species of birds and determine if any species cannot fly" would be the most reasonable answer.
respiration is when you breath and cellular respiration involves taking the cells from when you breathe and turning it into chemical energy.
partial blockage can be cause by cancer within the bowel area or inflammation within the bowel area. obstruction blockage is caused by tissue compressed in the gut.
for first aid, you turn the individual on their back and deliver 5 back slaps between their shoulder blades, then do 5 chest thrusts.
The correct answer is A. Inhale odor molecules into nasal cavity.
