In the early decades of the 18th century, English goods sold as much as 80 to 140 percent more in the colonies than in England primarily due to high transportation costs for goods shipped from England to the colonies.
Many products like tobacco, rice, dried rice, spices and lumber was transported during 18th century by American ships. And in return they got manufactured goods, textiles, guns and iron etc.
Goods exchange and services was the main work and earning of the people in 18th century. In India it was done in Gujarat majorly.
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Some politicians became successful by opposing communism.
Answer
Church leaders, such as bishops and archbishops, had influential roles in medieval European monarchies and often served as advisers to a country’s king. The church also acted as a counter against monarchs who wanted absolute power, since there was one power the church had over them -- excommunication. An excommunicated king could face leadership challenges from both inside and outside his kingdom, without the condemnation of church leaders. A clear example of this is King John of England, who was excommunicated from the Catholic Church in the 13th century after a dispute with Pope Innocent III. After encountering numerous difficulties, including the threat of a papal-backed French invasion, John agreed to once again swear fealty to the pope.
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Answer:
In the first phase, clearance resulted from agricultural improvement, driven by the need for landlords to increase their income (many landlords had crippling debts, with bankruptcy playing a large part in the history). This involved the enclosure of the open fields managed on the run rig system and the shared grazing. Especially in the North and West of the region, these were usually replaced with large-scale pastoral farms stocked with sheep, on which much higher rents were paid, with the displaced tenants getting alternative tenancies in newly created crofting communities, where they were expected to be employed in industries such as fishing, quarrying or the kelp industry. The reduction in status from farmer to crofter was one of the causes of resentment from these changes.
Explanation:
he eviction of tenants went against dùthchas, the principle that clan members had an inalienable right to rent land in the clan territory. This was never recognised in Scottish law. It was gradually abandoned by clan chiefs as they began to think of themselves simply as commercial landlords, rather than as patriarchs of their people—a process that arguably started with the Statutes of Iona of 1609. The clan members continued to rely on dùthchas. This different viewpoint was an inevitable source of grievance.35–36, 39, 60, 300 The actions of landlords varied. Some did try to delay or limit evictions, often to their financial cost. The Countess of Sutherland genuinely believed her plans were advantageous for those resettled in crofting communities and could not understand why tenants complained. A few landlords displayed complete lack of concern for evicted tenants.
Answer:
First one is (Remained the same)
Second one is (2000 and 2010)
Third one is (US investments and trade)
Explanation:
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