“Crime” is not a phenomenon that can be defined according to any objective set of criteria. Instead, what a particular state, legal regime, ruling class or collection of dominant social forces defines as “crime” in any specific society or historical period will reflect the political, economic and cultural interests of such forces. By extension, the interests of competing political, economic or cultural forces will be relegated to the status of “crime” and subject to repression,persecution and attempted subjugation. Those activities of an economic, cultural or martial nature that are categorized as “crime” by a particular system of power and subjugation will be those which advance the interests of the subjugated and undermine the interests of dominant forces. Conventional theories of criminology typically regard crime as the product of either “moral” failing on the part of persons labeled as “criminal,” genetic or biological predispositions towards criminality possessed by such persons, “social injustice” or“abuse” to which the criminal has previously been subjected, or some combination of these. (Agnew and Cullen, 2006) All of these theories for the most part regard the “criminal as deviant” perspective offered by established interests as inherently legitimate, though they may differ in their assessments concerning the matter of how such “deviants” should be handled. The principal weakness of such theories is their failure to differentiate the problem of anti-social or predatory individual behavior<span> per se</span><span> from the matter of “crime” as a political, legal, economic and cultural construct. All human groups, from organized religions to outlaw motorcycle clubs, typically maintain norms that disallow random or unprovoked aggression by individuals against other individuals within the group, and a system of penalties for violating group norms. Even states that have practiced genocide or aggressive war have simultaneously maintained legal prohibitions against “common” crimes. Clearly, this discredits the common view of the state’s apparatus of repression and control (so-called “criminal justice systems”) as having the protection of the lives, safety and property of innocents as its primary purpose.</span>
Europe is the force building the justinian 1 ro start
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Answer:
Metaphysics and epistemology
Explanation:
Metaphysics and epistemology are interdependent and closely related to each other here because metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of reality and how mind and matter are related. Metaphysics concerns itself with things that cannot be empirically justified such as the study of the supernatural. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of knowledge and how knowledge is acquired, for example in metaphysics. Epistemology tries to justify knowledge acquired through rationality and other such methods
Answer: Rule of a law is a system that puts everyone into check, even the system itself.
Explanation:
Rule of a law is a system that puts everyone into check, even the system itself. They are laws which places everyone including institutions under accountability. No one is above the laws and no one is treated partially when they law is considered very well even those elected into positions that implement the law; they are all under the law. The rule of law helps to keep the society in a sane condition, mainly to avoid unfair treatment between one another.
The various features of rule of law are;
1) Equality and non-discrimination
2). Legal certainty
3) Transparency
4) Access to justice
