Answer:
Parasitists have to the body's immune system to establish parasitism, in addition to having to deal with the damage it does to the host organism.
Explanation:
Parasites are organisms that associate with living beings in an unequal relationship, where the parasite uses the vital resources of living beings for their survival, generating problems for the host organism.
As biotic environments where parasites can grow, we can mention plants and animals. For parasitism to be established, the parasite must face the immune defense system of these organisms, in addition to having to face the evils that are caused by parasitism, since the parasite needs the host to be alive for it to survive.
Answer:
Mutations in the HBB gene cause sickle cell disease. The HBB gene provides instructions for making one part of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of four protein subunits, typically, two subunits called alpha-globin and two subunits called beta-globin.
Explanation:
In the given case, the first line of defense is breached.
The first line of defense involves the chemical and physical barriers, which are always prepared and ready to fight against the infections of the body. These are the surface barriers, which inhibit the admittance of pathogenic components.
It comprises the tears, skin, cilia, mucus, urine flow, stomach acid, bacteria that are helpful, and white blood cells known as neutrophils.
Answer:
<u>Immunoglobulins E or IgE</u>
Explanation:
Immunoglobins E or IgE is produced by the immune system. If anyone have allergy, the immune will overreact with the allergens produces IgE antibodies. IgE Antibodies then reach to the cells responsible to release certain chemicals or mediators that produce Allergic Reaction. It is also known as type 1 Hypersensitivity.
A downward arching rock layer is called syncline.