After the adenylyl cyclase reaction (which convert ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate-cAMP), cAMP level is directly increased. Next steps of PKA activation include:
• cAMP binding to regulatory subunits of PKA, as a result conformational change in the regulatory subunits of PKA is induced,
• catalytic subunits are detached and unleashed by regulatory subunits and as a result activated.
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.
Answer:
Pretty sure it's A because people can redo this test as many times as needed to verify the answer.
Hi there!
<u>Electronegativity</u> is the concept of how likely an atom is to attract the shared molecules in one of these bonds to itself. We know the molecule water is made up of two hydrogens and one oxygen. The electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.2, and oxygen 3.4. An <u>ionic bond</u> needs at least a difference in electronegativity of 1.6. As the difference is less than that, we can say that water is a covalent molecule. This then wipes out choice B, because it is not ionic, and C, as we have seen it is actually covalent.
Now, we can see the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen is still 1.2. This means that while it is not at the point for there to be an ionic bond, there is still a difference in attraction, where the electrons will tend to favor the oxygen more and 'hang around it' more. As electrons are <u>negatively charged</u><em><u>,</u></em> this means that the oxygen will gain a slightly negative charge. This then makes the molecule polar, because it now has a charge within the molecule. This means we have our answer, choice D.
In terms of hydrophobic molecules - they tend to be ones without a charge. (If you're interested in this kind of stuff, I'd search hydrophobic up, and possibly also look into hydrogen bonds).
Hope this helps! Feel free to ask me any other questions you have about this specific problem.
