Answer:
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Large polymers are created during dehydration synthesis, which are typically referred to as biological macromolecules. These compounds include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
As a result, the dehydration reaction is responsible for the formation of protein, lipid, and nucleic acids.
1. Protein structure
- Amino acid polymers form proteins. There are four different types of proteins, based on structure.
- The amino acid sequence of a protein is represented by its primary structure, which is a linear chain.
- The backbone (main chain) atoms of a polypeptide are arranged locally in space to form the protein's secondary structure.
- A polypeptide chain's whole three-dimensional structure is referred to as a protein's tertiary structure.
- The protein's quaternary structure, which is a three-dimensional arrangement of the subunits of a multi-subunit protein.
2. Lipid structure is a crucial element of the cell membrane. The structure is mostly composed of a glycerol backbone, two hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and a hydrophilic phosphate group.
3. Nucleic acids' structure: Nucleotide polymers make up nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is made up of an aromatic base with a N-atom connected to a pentose sugar with five carbons, which is then joined to a phosphate group.
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<h2>Urea </h2>
Explanation:
Urea is a small nitrogenous compound which is the main end product of protein catabolism in mammals
- Urea is a nitrogen-containing substance normally cleared from the blood by the kidney into the urine
- It is made predominantly in the liver from ammonia and bicarbonate and is one of the main components of urine
- The rate of synthesis varies from 300 to 600 mmol/day depending on the protein intake
- All of this urea eventually finds its way into the urine
- Because urea makes up a large part of the obligatory solute excretion, its osmotic pressure requires significant volumes of water to carry the urea
- Urea passively crosses biological membranes, but its permeability is low because of its low solubility in the lipid bilayer
- Some cells speed up this process through urea transporters, which move urea by facilitated diffusion
- Urea is passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, but its route of transport is not clear
- Urea transporters have not yet been identified for the proximal tubule
Answer:
<h2>Genotype, sequence, mRNA, cytoplasm, proteins, phenotype</h2>
Explanation:
The allele combination at a gene locus is known as an organism's genotype, which after expression define the phenotype of that organism.
Th sequence of nucleotide in the DNA then transcribed to produce mRNA by RNA polymerase. Then mRNA exported into the cytoplasm and works as template for the synthesis of protein. This protein defines the phenotype of that organism.
The period of time that begins with the contraction of the atria and ends with ventricular relaxation is known as the Cardiac cycle.
<h3>What is a cardiac cycle?</h3>
The cardiac cycle describes a whole heartbeat from its onset to the beginning of the following pulse. It consists of the diastole, systole, and the interval in between. Heart rate, which is naturally expressed as beats per minute, serves as an example of how a cardiac cycle occurs.
<h3>Cardiac Cycle Physiology</h3>
The left and right halves of the human heart's four chambers make up the body. The right and left ventricles are located in the lower two chambers, while the left and right atria are located in the two top chambers. Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary trunk is the right ventricle's main job. While the left ventricle is in charge of pushing freshly oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.
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