In parasitism, one organism harms another organism (the host). An example would be fleas living in cats/dogs; they feed on their blood.
Therefore the answer is A is harmed, and B is helped.
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The example of the meadowlarks is an example of behavioral isolation. This is because the mating call is a behavior the birds exhibit. This helps the birds to find their correct mate because though the birds look similar, they are not able to produce offspring.
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Once food is in the small intestine, it stimulates the pancreas to release fluid containing a high concentration of bicarbonate. This fluid neutralizes the highly acidic gastric juice, which would otherwise damage the membrane lining of the intestine, resulting in a duodenal ulcer.
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