The Hyksos were a Semitic people who gained a foothold in Egypt c. 1782 BCE at the city of Avaris in Lower Egypt, thus initiating the era known in Egyptian history as the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782 - c. 1570 BCE).
improvements in agricultural production
Answer:
if the rest of the question is "... population density of fewer than two people per square mile", the answer is California, Iowa and Minnesota.
Paine's essay considers monarchy and hereditary succession to be evil, unjust, and degrading to humankind: "the monarchy and succession have laid but the world in blood and ashes." In his essay, Paine implies that not all kings come from noble, honorable origins. He stipulates that the tradition of king was started by heathens (pagans) and was foolishly followed by Christians even though certain sections of the Bible criticize the monarchy.