Check for critical points within the unit ball by solving for when the first-order partial derivatives vanish:
![f_x=5yz=0\implies y=0\text{ or }z=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f_x%3D5yz%3D0%5Cimplies%20y%3D0%5Ctext%7B%20or%20%7Dz%3D0)
![f_y=5xz=0\implies x=0\text{ or }z=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f_y%3D5xz%3D0%5Cimplies%20x%3D0%5Ctext%7B%20or%20%7Dz%3D0)
![f_z=5xy=0\implies x=0\text{ or }y=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f_z%3D5xy%3D0%5Cimplies%20x%3D0%5Ctext%7B%20or%20%7Dy%3D0)
Taken together, we find that (0, 0, 0) appears to be the only critical point on
![f](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f)
within the ball. At this point, we have
![f(0,0,0)=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=f%280%2C0%2C0%29%3D0)
.
Now let's use the method of Lagrange multipliers to look for critical points on the boundary. We have the Lagrangian
![L(x,y,z,\lambda)=5xyz+\lambda(x^2+y^2+z^2-1)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=L%28x%2Cy%2Cz%2C%5Clambda%29%3D5xyz%2B%5Clambda%28x%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bz%5E2-1%29)
with partial derivatives (set to 0)
![L_x=5yz+2\lambda x=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=L_x%3D5yz%2B2%5Clambda%20x%3D0)
![L_y=5xz+2\lambda y=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=L_y%3D5xz%2B2%5Clambda%20y%3D0)
![L_z=5xy+2\lambda z=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=L_z%3D5xy%2B2%5Clambda%20z%3D0)
![L_\lambda=x^2+y^2+z^2-1=0](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=L_%5Clambda%3Dx%5E2%2By%5E2%2Bz%5E2-1%3D0)
We then observe that
![xL_x+yL_y+zL_z=0\implies15xyz+2\lambda=0\implies\lambda=-\dfrac{15xyz}2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=xL_x%2ByL_y%2BzL_z%3D0%5Cimplies15xyz%2B2%5Clambda%3D0%5Cimplies%5Clambda%3D-%5Cdfrac%7B15xyz%7D2)
So, ignoring the critical point we've already found at (0, 0, 0),
![5yz+2\left(-\dfrac{15xyz}2\right)x=0\implies5yz(1-3x^2)=0\implies x=\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=5yz%2B2%5Cleft%28-%5Cdfrac%7B15xyz%7D2%5Cright%29x%3D0%5Cimplies5yz%281-3x%5E2%29%3D0%5Cimplies%20x%3D%5Cpm%5Cdfrac1%7B%5Csqrt3%7D)
![5xz+2\left(-\dfrac{15xyz}2\right)y=0\implies5xz(1-3y^2)=0\implies y=\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=5xz%2B2%5Cleft%28-%5Cdfrac%7B15xyz%7D2%5Cright%29y%3D0%5Cimplies5xz%281-3y%5E2%29%3D0%5Cimplies%20y%3D%5Cpm%5Cdfrac1%7B%5Csqrt3%7D)
![5xy+2\left(-\dfrac{15xyz}2\right)z=0\implies5xy(1-3z^2)=0\implies z=\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=5xy%2B2%5Cleft%28-%5Cdfrac%7B15xyz%7D2%5Cright%29z%3D0%5Cimplies5xy%281-3z%5E2%29%3D0%5Cimplies%20z%3D%5Cpm%5Cdfrac1%7B%5Csqrt3%7D)
So ultimately, we have 9 critical points - 1 at the origin (0, 0, 0), and 8 at the various combinations of
![\left(\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt3},\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt3},\pm\dfrac1{\sqrt3}\right)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%28%5Cpm%5Cdfrac1%7B%5Csqrt3%7D%2C%5Cpm%5Cdfrac1%7B%5Csqrt3%7D%2C%5Cpm%5Cdfrac1%7B%5Csqrt3%7D%5Cright%29)
, at which points we get a value of either of
![\pm\dfrac5{\sqrt3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cpm%5Cdfrac5%7B%5Csqrt3%7D)
, with the maximum being the positive value and the minimum being the negative one.