Answer:
Phenotypic changes:
When Rhodobacter is cultured in total darkness for multiple generations, the ability to produce it's own photopigment reduces with time with little or no ability to undergo its own photosynthesis due to absence of enzymes or pigment for photosynthesis.
It becomes expensive for the Rhodobacter to undergo photosynthesis. This allows mutants that can grow in the dark to take over from the culture grown in the dark.
Evolutionary processes:
It's natural selection that allows the fittest organism to survive. As in the case of the mutants
Answer:
The study of mathematics as a "demonstrative discipline" begins in the 6th century BC with the Pythagoreans, who coined the term "mathematics" from the ancient Greek μάθημα (mathema), meaning "subject of instruction".[4] Greek mathematics greatly refined the methods (especially through the introduction of deductive reasoning and mathematical rigor in proofs) and expanded the subject matter of mathematics.[5] Although they made virtually no contributions to theoretical mathematics, the ancient Romans used applied mathematics in surveying, structural engineering, mechanical engineering, bookkeeping, creation of lunar and solar calendars, and even arts and crafts.
Explanation:
In order to determine the results from a father who is homozygous recessive for the tongue rolling trait, T, and a mother who is heterozygous for the trait, a Punett square can be used to determine both the resulting genotype (allele combination) and phenotype (observable characteristics). The results are 50% Tt and 50% tt. Thus, the cross would result to 1:1 ratio of tongue rolling to non-tongue rolling offsprings.
The smallest and most exclusive grouping category is species.
