<span>d. all of the above<<<<<<<<<</span>
- - The cell cycle consists of two main phases: interphase and M phase
Answer:
The bacterial DNA gets degraded at step 3 of the viral lytic cycle.
Explanation:
Viruses are organisms that are incapable of replicating on their own, hence, they require a living host which they infect and use its replicational ability to reproduce theirselves. The infection cycle of this virus is regarded as its replication cycle. Viruses employ either the LYTIC or LYSOGENIC cycle for infection.
The lytic cycle involves killing of their host cell at the end of the cycle. Generally, the cycle starts with the attachment of my the virus to the cell membrane of its host using specific receptor sites (step 1). It then penetrates the host cell as seen in step 2.
After penetration, the virus then secretes certain degrading enzymes called ENDONUCLEASES that degrades the bacterial DNA. After which the virus uses the replicational and gene expressing ability of the host to transcibe its genetic material and replicate itself. This process called SYNTHESIS occurs in step 3.
Hence, the yellow ring in the image that represents bacterial DNA disappears in step 3 (synthesis stage) because it gets degraded by viral digesting enzymes.
<span>A planulae is not one of the three major structures of coral reefs as it is one of the stages in the life cycle of a jellyfish known as the free swimming larvae stage.
Coral reef structures are made up of fringing reefs that grow directly from the shore,
atoll reefs that grow upward usually in a lagoon, and barrier reefs are separated from the land and shore by open water.</span>
