Question

During an el Niño event warm surface water moves from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to the eastern equatorial region. Which of the following best describes how the warm water w
affect upwelling off the coast of equatorial South America?
The warm surface water will not change upwelling because this region is at the equator and always has warm water
The warm surface water will increase upwelling because of the difference in salinity between the warm surface water and the cold deep water,
The warm surface water will decrease upwelling because the cooler temperatures on land in the region will prevent upwelling.
The warm surface water will decrease upwelling because of the density difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep water.

Answer 1

The statement 'warm surface water will decrease upwelling because cooler temperatures on land will prevent upwelling' describes how the warm water affects upwelling. El Niño is a climatic phenomenon.

El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the warming of the surface water in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

The upwelling refers to the rising of deeper and colder water to shallower depths (i.e., the movement of deeper water to shallow levels), which occurs during the El Niño phenomenon.

The El Niño occurs every 2 to 7 calendar years as a consequence of the unusual warming of the sea water surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

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