Eukaryotic cells all feature a nucleus, and their organelles are enclosed inside membranes.<span> They also have a plasma membrane, which is a layer of phospholipids that surrounds the whole cell, and they feature an internal cytoskeleton</span>
The egg cell must first be enucleated through the process of removing the nucleus from the surrogate mother’s egg. An adult cell nucleus from the desired mother is then inserted into the enucleated egg. This combination of adult cell nucleus inside the enucleated egg must now be stimulated with an electric shock. This will cause the start of cell division by mitosis to eventually form an embryo in the uterus of the surrogate mother whom the initial enucleated egg belonged to.
Answer:
The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.
