D. the magnetic compass and gunpowder
I would say that the best tools for establishing and preserving freedom are the Constitution, courts, and legislature in general.
The Constitution is a set of laws that all people within one country should follow and it is a document which guarantees their freedom and equality. Courts and other laws do the same thing as well.
Answer:
King Leopold II treated the Congo as his personal property and exploited the country for slave labor, rubber, and ivory. The Belgian Congo was established in 1908 after the international community pressured the Belgian government to annex the country and take it out of the king's hands. Conditions in Belgian Congo improved as the Belgian government supported education and established trade. Nevertheless, the people of the Congo increased their demands for independence.
