The genetic base of the shape of orchid is very complex.
Mendelian traits are described as simple traits determined by one gene. The different alleles of the gene contribute to the difference in the trait. This is true for some traits in plants, animals including humans and other organisms, but not for the shape of orchids.
The shape of orchid flowers is determined by the ABCDE group of genes that are responsible for the body plan in plants. These genes are the equivalent of HOX genes of animals.
The protein products of different genes of the ABCDE group interact with each other in complex ways creating different shapes of orchids.
Answer: A. Family size
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The effect of such toxic chemicals to the body is that they stimulate uncontrolled cell division. Uncontrolled cell division or cells proliferation may lead to cancer. The unchecked cell growth results to mutations in genes that can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death.
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Recent advances in medical biotechnology have increased researcher's knowledge of molecular events of Cancer and have created new hopes in early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Changes in the genome and proteome of the cells disturb the normal cellular control mechanisms.
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