As you know, egypt was and is a dry country, nile river was very important to the egyptians. Egyptian civilization also known as "the nile valley civilization" could never have existed without the nile river. the nile river was pretty important to the egyptians , as it was the main source of water to them. the most fertile parts of soil in egypt were on the banks of the nile river. so it made them easier to cultivate crops and they could harvest enough for them to eat.
The Nile River was predictable and flooded yearly. This allowed the Egyptians to build early irrigation systems and save the flood water for growing season, when they needed it most. It was their water supply and allowed them to transition from hunting and gathering to an agricultural production system. However, there was drought for a period of time and the Nile didn't flood. This again shaped their society as the pharoah was weakened and they were able to be conquered by nomads.
