Question

Corrections are the sanctions used to punish criminals. name the four sanctions and describe what they are.

Answer 1

There are positive and negative sanctions. Positive sanctions are rewards or praise for following a norm. These are common when first teaching norms or during resocialization. Negative sanctions are punishments or threats of punishment used to deter behavior. Often these are used after norms have been broken. 
There are also formal and informal sanctions. Formal sanctions are carried out by a formal institution such as the government or schools. Informal sanctions are carried out by peer groups or individuals.

Answer 2

Retribution: punishment serves as an act of revenge for the victim and society. Deterrence: corrections intended to discourage the individual and society from committing future crimes. Rehabilitation: places to reform criminals so they can return to society as law-abiding citizens. Social Protection: this limits the freedom of the offenders, thereby protecting society from the offender committing further acts.