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faltersainse [42]
2 years ago
7

How to convince your mom to let you stay home from school

Social Studies
1 answer:
ycow [4]2 years ago
5 0

Tell her you'll catch up on work when you go back and try to have a valid explanation

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What tests do archaeologists use to determine how old a fossil or artifact is?​
Makovka662 [10]

Answer:

Explanation:The approximate age of ancient artifacts can be determined as long as the artifact is not older than 50,000 years. It’s a technique called carbon-14 dating. All organisms that live on the Earth are based on carbon. This would be wood, plants, animals and of course humans.  

There are three different isotopes of carbon, C-12, C-13, which are stable, and C-14. Carbon-14 is used for dating because it is radioactive and considered unstable. It will decay, or emit radiation, over a long period of time at a near consistent rate. The rate of decay, which can be measured, is 5,730 years equals one half-life.  

Carbon-14, described by Argonne National Laboratory, is produced in Earth’s atmosphere when N-14, Nitrogen, from New World Encyclopedia, atoms are bombarded by cosmic rays from space. They collide with the N-14 atoms and convert them into C-14 atoms. This collision changes a proton into a neutron. The C-14 then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, CO-2. This is then absorbed by plants and animals.  

All living things are replacing their carbon-14 as they continue living. Once they die the dating process begins. The radioactive carbon-14 begins to decay. It is very difficult to date organisms less than 1,000 years old because there is too much carbon-14 present. The same problem happens on the other end of the spectrum when an organism is older then 50,000 years, when there is not enough carbon-14 to measure.  

Accelerated Mass Spectrometry (AMS) as explained by llnl.gov, was started by J.J. Thomson, from Nobel Prize.org, in 1897. “At first there were very few who believed in the existence of these bodies smaller than atoms. I was even told long afterwards by a distinguished physicist who had been present at my (1897) lecture at the Royal Institution that he thought I had been, ‘pulling their legs.” This by Scrips.edu.  

Beginning in the early 1900’s, mass spectrometry has been used to calculate the age of organisms using the carbon-14 isotope. Ions are accelerated in a field of millions of volts and smash through a gas or carbon foil. These ions then come to a stop in a gas ionization detector. Ion identity is determined by how fast they slow down.  

Carbon-14 slows down faster than a nitrogen-14 isotope of the same mass. The AMS is a million times better at detecting the ratio of isotopes, by Colorado Edu,  than by conventional means. It’s this ratio that determines the age of the item tested. The AMS can recognize one carbon-14 isotope among a quadrillion different carbon atoms.  

Dinosaur fossils, by All About Creation, cannot be age tested using the carbon-14 method because they are millions of years old. To determine their age the isotope’s from uranium-238, uranium-235 and potassium-40 are used. They all have a half-life of more than a million years.  

Dinosaur fossils are found in sedimentary rock. The isotope’s needed to determine age are rarely found in sedimentary rock. Those isotopes are found in igneous rock made from cooled magma. No fossils are found in igneous rock because when it forms it would be too hot and destroy the bones. Scientists study neighboring layers of sedimentary rock that was formed at approximately the same time as the igneous rock. This gives them an approximate age of the fossil.  

Using this method, scientists estimate the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old, USGS. Moon rocks are the same age lending weight to the theory that the Earth and Moon formed at the same time.    

4 0
3 years ago
How were Dorothy Vaughan and John Glenn alike?
saw5 [17]
They both worked with NASA.
5 0
3 years ago
Why was the timing of the United States’ entry into WWI important?
NNADVOKAT [17]

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

7 0
2 years ago
Why did the authors of the Constitution require the approval of the President,
lakkis [162]

Answer:

for checks and balances.

Explanation:

Check and balances is a system that we implemented within our government to prevent one branch of the government from becoming too powerful.

The President is part of the executive branch, and the law is created by the congress which is a part of the legislative branch.

By creating a requirement of approval, the constitution provided a way for the executive branch to limit the power of the legislative branch. The president have the power to reject a legislation by the congress if the president believe that the legislation will not be beneficial for the citizens.

3 0
3 years ago
Definition: les He was an explorer and conquistador for Spain and, in 1513, became the first
andre [41]

Vasco Nunez de Balboa  was the first European to spot the Pacific Ocean. In addition, he helped found the first successful European colony on the American continent.

Balboa was born in Spain in 1475. He left for America in 1500 and settled for a few years on the island of Hispaniola (where Haiti and the Dominican Republic are today) in the Antilles. In 1510, he embarked with a group for a colony already established by the Spanish in present-day Colombia. Upon arrival, he discovered that the colony had been abandoned. Balboa convinced the few remaining inhabitants to go with him to Darién, in present-day Panama. There they created a stable colony.

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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