The Eighth Amendment provides protections for those charged with and convicted of crimes. It reads: "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
He declared insurrection in the south on January 1, 1863
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery<span> would be permitted. At the time, the United States contained twenty-two states, evenly divided between slave and free.</span>
According to President Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction strategy, slavery had to be outlawed in every state.
Reconstruction, in American history, is the time period (1865–1877) that came immediately after the American Civil War and was devoted to attempting to address the injustices of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacies as well as the issues brought on by the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded at or before the start of the war.
Reconstruction, long characterized by many historians as a period when vengeful Radical Republicans imposed Black supremacy on the victorious Confederacy, has since the late 20th century come to be seen more warmly as an admirable example of interracial democracy. The political landscape of America underwent profound shifts during reconstruction.
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