Armenian genocide ---> a consequence of bias against non-Turks
At the beginning of the 20th century, nationalism was on the rise and it was re-shaping states and multinational empires (like the Ottoman Empire) into Nation-States. In this process, the Ottoman Empire saw itself as a large Turk nation-state and therefore there were many attempts to eliminate other ethnic identities that wanted independence from the Empire, like Armenians and Syriac people. The Armenian genocide killed more than 1.5 million Armenians.
Young Turks ---> a group of reformists that focused on nationalism
Throughout the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was struggling to try to adapt to modern times as most European powers did. It remained anchored to religious authority and law, for that reasons, there were many reform attempts to modernize the empire. The Young Turks were a group of military officers that wanted to reform the empire under a Turkish nationalist and militaristic view.
Sick Man of Europe ---> a name for the Ottoman Empire during of its weakened state
At the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was in crisis, it was an Islamic empire controlling large populations of different religions and a Turkish empire governing over different nationalities at a time in which nationalism was on the rise. The Ottoman Empire couldn't control the European region of the Balkans, where different ethnic nationalities were struggling to be independent. For these reasons it was labeled by European powers as "the sick man of Europe."
Crimean War ---> the result of a desire to protect Orthodox Christians under Ottoman rule
The Russian Empire was an Orthodox Christian power and as such, it wanted to protect Orthodox Christian populations living in Ottoman territory. Also, the Russian Empire used this as a tool to expand its frontiers and take over regions that were under Ottoman control, especially the Crimean peninsula, which was the scenery of a war between 1853 and 1856.
occupation of Egypt ---> British action to gain control over the Suez canal
The British occupied Egypt in 1882 and established a <em>de facto</em> protectorate over this Ottoman province, in order to gain control over the Suez canal which was a strategical pass between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea that permitted the flux of British commerce and British military presence in the East.
