Soil pollution: Because of the depletion of microbe biodiversity in soils, crop production now necessitates the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The value of good soils must be encouraged and understood.
Habitat loss: Food processing necessitates the use of both water and energy. If nothing is done, the global food system may lead to rapid and widespread biodiversity loss. Agriculture occupies half of the world's habitable (ice-and desert-free) land.
Source; https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food
http://www.hopeaustralia.org.au/uploads/media/Soil-and-Food-Security-by-Shannon-Michael.pdf
B. energy transferred from the sun to plants and then to a series of living things.
Increase the number of small fish, crab and shrimp into the ecosystem
The answer is D. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. Within a given substance, a temperature increase means that the particles on average, are moving at greater speeds, or have greater kinetic energy.
Macrophages are a type of the White Blood Cells that is a part of the immune system of the body. Macrophages are the first line of defence. They engulf the foreign bodies, foreign particles, cancerous cells and infected cells. They do it by searching for a protein marker on the surface of these foreign bodies. When the marker is absent they attack these bodies by performing phagocytosis.
Langerhans cells present on the skin are specialised macrophages that form the first line of defence.