Ektara (Hindi: एकतारा, Bengali: একতারা, Nepali: एकतारे, Punjabi: ਇਕ ਤਾਰਾ, Tamil: எக்டரா; literally 'one-string', also called actara, iktar, ektar, yaktaro, gopichand, gopichant, golki Nepali: गोल्, gopijiantra, tun tuna) is a one-stringed musical instrument used in the traditional music of South Asia,[1] and used in modern-day music of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.[1] It originated in South Asia.[1]
In origin the ektara was a regular string instrument of wandering bards and minstrels from India and is plucked with one finger. The ektara is a drone lute consisting of a gourd resonator covered with skin, through which a bamboo neck is inserted. It is used in parts of India and Nepal today by Yogis and wandering holy men to accompany their singing and prayers. In Nepal, the instrument accompanies the singing of the Ramayana and Mahabharata.[2]
It has two forms. One form resembles a lute. To make that version, a bamboo stick (90cm long) is inserted through side of wooden bowl (called a "tumbo") and the top of the bowl is covered with deerskin. The instrument has a single string running from a peg at the top, down the length of the stick-neck, across a bridge on the deerhide soundboard, and is tied at the "spike" where the stick pokes through the bowl. The instrument's string is plucked with the musicians index fingernail.[3][2]
The other version uses a drum-like body, and a skin soundboard with a string attached (to bend the sound of the soundboard). Two bamboo lathes are attached to the side of the drumhead and the string goes from the soundboard to where the lathes meet. This version of the instrument may be played either by plucking the string or by tapping the drumhead. Squeezing and releasing the bamboo lathes puts pressure on the drumhead and bends the pitch up and down. This form is associated with the Bauls of West Bengal, as well as the Tharu people of Udayapur District, Nepal.
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2.have a weapon
3.soldiers can't take or live in a person's house
4. arresting or searching someone's property without probable cause. evidence
6. a fair and speedy trial by just
7. jury trial for civil cases
8. the government can't demand excessive bail or fines,or any cruel and unusual punishments
10. state. it causes federalism. the division and sharing of powers between the state and national government
The Delian League was formed to continue fighting the Persian Empire after Persia's invasions were finally defeated. .Those city-states who did not want to continue fighting Persia formed the Peloponnesian League, lead by Sparta. Under the Athenian leader Pericles, Athens began taking control of the Delian League.
The Roosevelt Corollary was a revision to the Monroe Doctrine.
In 1904, Roosevelt decided to conform to former <em>Monroe Doctrine</em>. The corollary was a foreign policy by which the United States will intervene in any conflict between <em>European countries</em> and<em> Latin American countries.</em> This will insure that European claims over Latin American countries will be legitimate and will avoid having the European claims directly.
