art that does not portray figures or objects; art without real models or subject ... on formal elements (the visual elements, design principles) to carry its message ... elements, such as a line, shape, color, texture, that are used by artists to create imagery ... using a series of closely spaced parallel lines to achieve a similar effect.
Answer:
Im not fully sure, but I think that it is a drawing by leonardo da vinci, and it was one of his ideas for a thing kind of like a helicopter.
I would say C. Through subordinating individual elements to the total effect
