weather is per day and climate is over 30 years
In historical terms, this would be called a colony, but currently this name is no longer used and there are no places actually known as "colonies".
The current political term for this is a "territory": this is the correct answer, one example are the overseas territories of France.
As far as a threat, North Korea has been seen as such for many years (since WWII), when North Korea sided with Russia. America and its Capitalism were not fond of the Communist party, and so we have really been fighting/being concerned about Russian influence.
Historically North and South Korea have been in conflict many years before America and Russia got involved. When we did though it got worse.
Trump has done very little to resolve this, some would say he is making it worse.
AND as for any current events ask Google!
The Chinese have had restrictions in the amount of children that a family can have, for few decades it was one child, now it is two. Even thought the limit is increased to two children per family, it is a number that will allow the nation to keep it's population on a status quo level.
India, has it worst, the government has not been able to make a solid plan that can be implemented, the wast majority of the population is uneducated, and there's still the pride in having more children, so the population is still growing very fast.
The Kenyan government made a long term development plan, which as a main goal has to achieve a high quality life for all Kenyans that is sustainable with available resources. Also contraceptive coverage, and educating the population with videos, presentations, talks.
Hello! Are you sure you meant 400 cm long? or mi?