Answer/Explanation:
DNA replication doubles each chromosome, meaning the cell can pass on DNA to daughter cells - the duplicated DNA is divided equally between the two new cells formed from the parent.
The laws of inheritance are:
1) The Law of Dominance: An organism with alternate forms of a gene, called alleles, will always display the form that is dominant, masking the recessive trait.
2) The Law of Segregation: In a diploid genome, like most eukaryotes, each trait is defined by a pair of genes (alleles). Each allele is randomly passed on to the gametes so that each gamete only contains one allele. The offspring inherits one allele from each parent during the process of fertilization.
2) The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted independently from one another That is, the inheritance of one trait does not depend on the inheritance of another trait. so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.
Microorganisms can be divided into two groups:
1. Archea
• Archea are prokaryotic unicellular organisms without cell nucleus or other membrane bound-organelles.
• Their membrane is built from ether lipids, which differs them from bacteria’s cell membrane.
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2. Bacteria
• Bacteria are also unicellular prokaryotic organisms.
• Bacterial cell membranes are made from phosphoglycerides with ester bonds. Bacterial genome is in a form of circular chromosome.
• They reproduce by binary fission or by budding.
Besides, prokaryotes (Archea and Bacteria) a large number of eukaryotes are also microorganisms. Unicellular eukaryotes contain organelles such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Usually, they reproduce asexually by mitosis. An example of eukaryotic microorganism is Protist.
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An example of a population in which evolution could take place in a relatively short period of time could be pathogenic bacteria exposed to antibiotics.
Answer: Option A
<u>Explanation:</u>
Evolution if takes place within a short period of time say the next generation that is called as micro evolution. This is caused when a specific organism exposed in a different environment at once modifies its genes to suit the new environment. This phenomenon can be very well seen in the pathogenic bacteria which are exposed to antibiotics.
When an antibiotic is prescribed to bacteria initially it nullifies its effect by destroying it. When continuously exposed to a certain antibiotic some bacteria dies but there are few which becomes resistant to it and survives. This on the other hand multiplies producing a generation that can’t be touched by the antibiotic.
