Answer:
Consider the following explanation.
Explanation:
The six different strategies (spreads or combinations) the investor can follow:
1)short Butterfly spread: it’s a spread with selling one call option with the lowest strike price(XL),purchasing two call options with the medium strike price(XM) and selling one call option with the highest strike price (XH) , XL<XM<XH. The strike price (XM) is generally chosen such that its equal to the stock price and options are of same maturity. The strategy shall generate the net income from the selling of calls when the stock price deviated from the strike price XM due to the high volatility. A high jump either way guarantees a net income.
2) The Straddle combination with long one put and long 1 call with the same strike price X and maturity. Its payoff depends on the deviation of the strike price if the big jump either way is expected then either the put or the call expires in the money so that the moneyness(payoffs) covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The high jump either way guarantees a big payoff from either the put or the call.
3)In the Strangle combination there is one long call with strike price (Xc) and one long put with strike price Xp,this combination is cheaper to generate due to purchase of OTM(out of the money) options. If the big jump either way is expected then either the put or the call expires in the money so that the moneyness (payoffs) covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The high jump either way guarantees a big payoff from either the put or the call. It’s easier to cover all the lesser premiums paid for the call and put and generate profits with a big move.
4) The Strip combination consists of 1 call+2 put with same exercise price and maturity. If the big jump either way is expected then either the two put or the call expires in the money so that the moneyness covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The payoff generated by the 2 puts is much more when the stock moves downwards as compared to when the stock moves upwards. Investor is sure of the uncertain directional big jump but thinks that the probability of downward move is greater than the upward move.
5) The Strap combination consists of 2 calls+1 put with same exercise price and maturity. If the big jump either way is expected then either the 1 put or the 2 calls expires in the money so that the moneyness covers all the premiums paid for the call and put and there are profits. The payoff generated by the 2 calls is much more when the stock moves upwards as compared to when the stock moves downwards. Investor is sure of the uncertain directional big jump but thinks that the probability of upward move is greater than the downward move.
6) Short Calendar spread: short shorter term call and at the same time short longer term call therefore the income is generated by the big move from the premiums of the calls and differences in the maturity.
Answer:
COGS= $89,250
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
First, we need to calculate the unitary cost of goods sold:
Unitary COGS= 105,000 / 35,000= $3
<u>Now, the new number of units sold:</u>
Units sold= 35,000*0.85= 29,750
<u>Finally, the COGS for 2020:</u>
COGS= 29,750*3
COGS= $89,250
<span>The principle purpose of a voucher system is to provide assurance that all cash payments are approved before a check is issued.
A voucher system is a way of internally controlling that helps prevent fraudulent withdrawals from a company by employees or people outside the organization.
A voucher system organizes procedures to verify and approve cash disbursements, which is important because cash is vulnerable to theft. The voucher system helps guard a company's cash.</span>
Answer:
c. 2.50 years
Explanation:
In the payback, we analyze in how many years the invested amount is recovered. The computation is shown below:
In year 0 = $500
In year 1 = $150
In year 2 = $200
In year 3 = $300
If we sum the first 2 year cash inflows than it would be $350
Now we deduct the $350 from the $500 , so the amount would be $150 as if we added the fourth year cash inflow so the total amount exceed to the initial investment. So, we deduct it
And, the next year cash inflow is $300
So, the payback period equal to
= 2 years + ($150 ÷ $300)
= 2.50 years
In 2.50 yeas, the invested amount is recovered.
Answer: The answer is given below
Explanation:
Here , we are going to apply the present value of annuty formula.
a. Social Opportunity cost = $1.1 Million
The Yearly cash flows = $110,000
Time (n) = 20 years
The Discount rate (R) = 4%
Net benefits= Present value of cash inflows - the intial socail opportnity cost
Net benefits= Yearly cash flow × (1 - 1/(1+R)^n) / R - 1100000
Net benefits = 110000 × (1 - 1/1.04^20)/0.04 - (1100000)
= $394936
b. We will use the formula for present value of an annuity with the growth rate in benefits as 2 percent.
Firstly, dg= (0.04 - 0.02)/ (1+0.02)
= 0.01961
PV(benefits) = [($110,000)÷ (1+0.02)][1-(1+dg)-20]/dg]
= $1,770,045
NPV = $1,770,045 - $1,100,000= $670,045
