Lasts are used for photosynthesis .
They have a double membrane around them.
The space inside is called the stroma. The space may contain starch grains and lipid bodies.
In the stroma are structures called thylakoids.
The thylakoids are stacked to form structures called grana.
The grana contain the pigment chlorophyll along with some secondary pigments.
The use of a thermophilic DNA polymerase such as Taq polymerase prevents the denaturation of the enzyme during the heating that is important to separate the newly synthesized strand. So using this enzyme simplifies the PCR technique and increases its efficiency.
Taq DNA polymerase is highly efficient, when it reaches the optimum temperature, it becomes fully functional. It also has a half-life of over two hours (at 92°C), high amplification capacity, and it can add upto 150 nucleotides per second. It is "special" enzyme because it comes from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs. It is therefore thermostable even at high temperatures, while other polymerases (e.g. E. coli) are not.
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Washington
University obtained word counts from the most popular novels of the past five
years.
Yes this can potentially create a bias in a statistical
study because the word popular may be subjective. It should properly defined in
order for the study to be not biased.
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
Both use energy sources to create ATP
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- Autotrophs and heterotrophs must use energy in the form of ATP to synthesize organic compounds.
- Autotrophs and heterotrophs are both living organisms that require some form of food to get energy.
- However, autotrophs make their own food via photosynthesis or some other similar method. Heterotrophs get their food by eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs.
