The "Third World" was defined as the unaligned countries that the US and the Soviet Union were trying to bring into the fold, and thus became a political battleground. I Hope I could help! :)
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A. Horizontal Integration
The blue area
<span>What happened during the Industrial Revolution?The introduction of new technology in manufacture (initially thetextile industries) hugely raised productivity per worker andgenerated ever-increasing returns for investment in ongoing capitalinvestment. Advances in transport facilitated distribution of bothmanufactured goods and foodstuffs for growing urban populations.Living standards improved as average per capita income tripled inthe more developed regions in the century to 1914 and improvednutrition, health and medicine doubled world population. Gains inliteracy and education combined with technological innovation tocreate the first mass media.</span>
Realism followed the Civil War. The correct option among all the options given in the question is the second option. Realism actually followed the Civil War that took place in the year 1865 in the United states of America. Realism actually began in France after the Revolution of 1848. Later on it became very wide spread.