I think the answer is James Madison and his term was exactly 8 years.
Answer:
Answers are given below :
Explanation:
1. The Umayyad Islamic empire did not face any Dark Ages during the Middle Ages as they were expanding there empire. During this time they have won many Christian land territories. Spread their empire in Spain and Asia. Art was flourished.
2. The term Dark Ages referred to describe the Middle Ages because of the lack of quality in literature and culture in this period. During this era, the Black Death (plague) widely spread in Europe. The 100 years of war between France and England and starvation because of climate change in Europe led to devastation.
3. Europeans went for the crusade to be protecting Christendom and stop the expansion of Muslim states. During that period, Muslim rulers were becoming powerful as they were spreading their empire across Christian land. Crusaders went to recapture territories that were part of Christian.
4. Constructing a cathedral shows people devotion to the church and its believes. During the Middle Ages people faced many problems and deaths in their family. By having a Cathedral, people can see the power and holiness by praying to god.
5. Romanesque churches created with large wall round and pointed arches. It also had vaults, and piers for columns. Romanesque architecture arrived in Europe after crusades.
6. The Middle Ages books in Europe considered being works of art for several reasons. Books in those time were handmade, which took years to complete. Majority of books were symbols of knowledge and attribute of God. Monks in monasteries played a role in creating thees books with vibrant colors, illustrations, painting, designs, calligraphy and ornaments with gems, gold and silver.
<span>
The Albany Congress was a not unimportant event in the history of
Albany. The Albany meeting site pointed up Albany's function as the last
outpost of European-style civilization before the frontier - a place
where settlers, officials, and native peoples had and would continue to
come together to consider items of mutual concern. Among the agendas for
the convention, was a plan to replace provincial Indian Commissioners
with a Royal Superintendant of Indian Affairs - which was aimed directly
at the Albany Indian commissioners who were seen by the British as
self-interested merchants whose core ambitions were antagonist to
Imperial policy.
The Albany Congress met in Albany from June 19 to July 11, 1754. Holding
daily meetings at the City Hall, official delegates from seven colonies
considered strategies for Indian diplomacy and put forth the so-called
Albany Plan of Union.
Unsure of its authority to participate, the province of New York sent
only an unnofficial delegation which included Lieutenant Governor James
De Lancey and two men with strong Albany connections, William Johnson
and Peter Wraxall. The Mohawks and other Native groups were represented
at the meetings as well</span>
Answer:
the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order
Explanation:
