The case was caused by the fraudulent nature of the Yazoo land sale in Georgia. In 1795, lawyers in Georgia agreed to sell the Yazoo land to about four companies. John Peck was among those who acquired a part of the Yazoo lands. On reselling the land to Robert Fletcher some years later, it was discovered that the Yazoo Land Act had been repealed because the lawyers involved were bribed. Fletcher thus argued in court that because the original Act had been repealed, John Peck had no right to sell the land.
When the case was brought to the United States Supreme court, the judges unanimously upheld the sanctity of contracts stating that the contract was binding despite the fraudulent activities of the lawyers involved. Therefore, the Georgian state did not have the powers to invalidate a contract that had legal backing.
Answer: a chemical system reaches a state where the concentrations of reactants and products is a constant ratioequilibrium can be reached from any direction, i.e., by beginning with a mixture of reactants or products, or both
