In American politics a(n) mandate refers to the instructions or demands a constituency gives to its elected officials
<span>Tennessee was the first state to be admitted back into the Union on July 24, 1866. The Reconstruction Act, which formed the five military districts, was passed on March 2, 1867. Tennessee was already back in the Union when the Reconstruction Act was passed.</span>
The 'two rivers' of the name referred to the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers and the land was known as 'Al-Jazirah' (the island) by the Arabs referencing what Egyptologist J.H. Breasted would later call the Fertile Crescent, where Mesopotamian civilization began.
I read 1989 instead of 1889 when I answered this question I'm really sorry about that
combined vertical and horizontal integration