This is a fragment. There is no subject required for a sentence.
Extending in scope or effect to a prior time or to conditions that existed or originated in the past; especially : made effective as of a date prior to enactment, promulgation, or imposition
Answer:
A. My mother, a doctor, hopes that I follow her career path.
Explanation:
The subject my mother preceding the appositive provides sufficient identification on its own, so you need to use commas around the appositive a doctor.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D) [this ogre] had a riding habit like Mrs. Bullfrog's, and
also a green silk calash dangling down her back by
the strings
