There was a war in 1928 or ask Google
8, 2, 3, 1, 5, 12, 7, 13, 9, 10, 6, 4, 11.... my history is kinda rusty cos i only did my 12th grade in usa but i hope i helped
I would say rome since it was the beginning of the Republic before the punic wars began
Generally speaking, it would be an association with "the European Union" that offers the brightest immediate future for many African countries, since this is a union of many countries with economic and moral interests in Africa, as opposed to just one.