Question

During the early days of deciphering the human genome, scientists were surprised to find that the number of genes appeared to be significantly fewer than what had been predicted on the basis of the estimated numbers of different proteins required by our cells. What aspect of nucleic acids and transcription can help explain this discrepancy?.

Answer 1

Given what we know, we can confirm that the aspect of nucleic acids and transcription that can help explain this discrepancy is that of alternative splicing.

Alternative Splicing.

• This process allowed the cells to use a single gene for the creation of various proteins.
• This process includes the separation of RNA at splicing sites to create new versions of the mRNA strand.
• This helps to increase the diversity of mRNA's available and create more proteins.

Therefore, given that alternative splicing allows the cells to create multiple forms of distinct proteins from a single gene, this allowed our organisms to develop the vast number of proteins we use, without the need for a much larger genome.

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