Deserts are A) dry with little organic matter. Although it seems that D might be correct in fact it is not because desert soil is not totally unable to support plant life because in fact some plants grow in the desert and especially following a rain storm the desert can bloom with plant life.
Along with the fact that the infrastructural and industrial levels of the African colonies was never really developed by Europeans, the many various and opposing ethnic groups had no one to keep them in check now. As a result many civil wars took place between different religions, specific religious denominations, and specific ethnic groups of said religious denominations. Also nearly all of the leaders that broke free of European rule were woefully unprepared to lead a country both governmentally and economically. All of these factors are what lead to Africa's current problems.
I believe the first one is 'physical geography' :-)
The question that Bill Clinton calls the urgent question of our time is weather or not we can make change a friend to us instead of it being an enemy. Basically ,he is saying we need to be flexible and ready to change because he believed that change was good for the country.
Hope This Helps Human <3
<span>between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.......</span>