I think it's A.
I think that because the citizens would be kept under strict rule that the punishment fits the crime no matter what.
The Crusades changed Europe because of supporting the armies and providing supplies to the Crusaders the trade of goods increased the economy.
Pollution, litter, and cars
The bank wants to give you an incentive to pay back the loan. If they did not hold your assets as collateral, you could simply fail to pay back the loan and really not lose anything other than your credit score. Many borrowers already have tarnished credit scores, so that is rarely enough incentive to base a loan on.
I would put this into your own words considering I copied and pasted it. Other than that I hope this helps!