In behavioural terms, drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they stop a person from feeling pain.
Negative reinforcement is a method that can be used to help teach specific behaviours. With negative reinforcement, something uncomfortable or otherwise unpleasant is taken away in response to a stimulus. Over time, the target behaviour should increase with the expectation that the unpleasant thing will be taken away.
For negative reinforcement to work, whatever is taken away must be taken away immediately after the behaviour in question. The end result is to get whatever behaviour is happening to continue and even increase.
Example :
A person hears a loud alarm. They push the STOP button on the alarm to make the noise stop. Now whenever the alarm goes off, they push the STOP button as quickly as they can.
- Before behaviour: Loud alarm
- Behaviour: Person turns alarm off
- After behaviour: No more annoying sound
- Future behaviour: Person pushes STOP every morning to quiet alarm
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Answer:
To prevent transmission of infectious microorganisms
I think B. enterogastric reflex: One of three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract that is stimulated by the presence of acid levels in the duodenum or in the stomach that cause the release of gastrin from the G cells in the antrum of the stomach.
The drug that should be routinely evaluated for possible toxicity is digoxin.
<h3>What is toxicity?</h3>
The term toxicity refers to the point that a drug could lead to harm in a patient. This often stems from the use of the drug.
Given that the drug digoxin has been traditionally used to treat heart conditions an could lead to toxicity, it ought to be evaluated for possible toxicity.
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Answer:
stimulant laxatives. sennosides and bisacodyl
Explanation:
increase intestinal motility and help with the flow of water into the bowel which improves constipation.
