Answer:
1. Picky eating; food jag
2. epiphyseal plates
3. bone mineral density (BMD)
4. obesity
5. food insecurity
6. life expectancy
7. arthritis
8. congregate meal
Explanation:
Picky eating is a behavior in early childhood when they refuse to eat certain foods and only want the same foods, while food jag is when a child only eats a small group of foods, meal after meal. The epiphyseal plate is a specialized layer of hyaline cartilage where chondrocytes (i.e., the only cells found in healthy cartilage) proliferate and differentiate during longitudinal bone growth. Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints caused by different reasons (e.g., injury, genetic causes, infections, immune system dysfunction, etc), whose risk increases with age. Bone mineral density (also known as bone density), is the amount of mineral in bone tissues, being the best manner to measure bone health. Obesity can be defined as an excessive amount of body fat that presents a risk to health. Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in children and tripled in adolescents, representing a serious health problem (especially in developed countries). Moreover, food insecurity is a social condition of limited access to food for individuals in a household to live an active, healthy life, which can be used as a metric of how many people cannot afford food. Life expectancy is an estimation of the number of years a person can expect to live in a given country/region. Life expectancy around the world has increased for nearly 200 years especially due to medical progress and access to food. Finally, a congregate meal refers to a healthy meal provided to anyone age 60 or over that encourages older adults' social connections with other persons at the meal sites.
Answer:
We have just seen that pathogens constitute a diverse set of agents. There are correspondingly diverse ranges of mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease. But the survival and success of all pathogens require that they colonize the host, reach an appropriate niche, avoid host defenses, replicate, and exit the infected host to spread to an uninfected one. In this section, we examine the common strategies that are used by many pathogens to accomplish these tasks.
Explanation:
The first step in infection is for the pathogen to colonize the host. Most parts of the human body are well-protected from the environment by a thick and fairly tough covering of skin. The protective boundaries in some other human tissues (eyes, nasal passages and respiratory tract, mouth and digestive tract, urinary tract, and female genital tract) are less robust. For example, in the lungs and small intestine where oxygen and nutrients, respectively, are absorbed from the environment, the barrier is just a single monolayer of epithelial cells.
Skin and many other barrier epithelial surfaces are usually densely populated by normal flora. Some bacterial and fungal pathogens also colonize these surfaces and attempt to outcompete the normal flora, but most of them (as well as all viruses) avoid such competition by crossing these barriers to gain access to unoccupied niches within the host.
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In times of stress the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla which then secretes catecholamines. The catecholamines includes; Dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Catecholamines are made by nerve tissue, the brain, and the adrenal glands. They help the body respond to stress or fright and prepare the body for "fight or flight" reactions.
The movements of the crust change the Earth movement by causing all the natural occurrences we see today. The plates move in 3 ways. They are Convergent, transform and divergent boundary.
