So in order to form a new organism, two gametes -- the sex cells, sperm and egg -- must fuse, further mixing the genes to produce more genetic diversity. Asexual reproduction is one organism dividing into two organisms without shuffling its genes, so the offspring has the same version of genes as did the parent.
Answer:
1. Bryofita
2. vascular plants
3. Seed vascular plants (gymnosperms)
4. Angiosperms
Explanation:
1. Bryofita
Around 475 million years ago, the origin of plants was thought to originate from aquatic ancestors (green algae). Adaptation to terrestrial life is proven by the presence of sporopolenin and layered gametangia that protect gametes and embryos. This adaptation occurs in bryophytes which are the first terrestrial plants. Bryofita or mosses develop into various vanations in their group. Most briolites do not have vascular tissue (water from the environment is diluted and absorbed by the SD, but some briophytes have water-carrying vessels.
2. Vascular plants
Around 400 million years ago, the evolution of plants was marked by the diversification of vascular plants (vascular plants). These early vascular plants are seedless plants, for example in the types of ferns seria into other groups of seedless plants.
3. Seed vascular plants (gymnosperms)
Plant evolution begins with the appearance of seeds, which are structures that protect the embryo from drought and the threat of environmental change. The emergence of these seed plants accelerated the expansion of plant colonization on land. Plant seeds consist of embryos and food reserves that are protected by a cover. Seed vascular plants appeared about 360 million years ago with the appearance of Gymnosperms. Gymnosperms consist of conifers with a variety of types. Conifers and ferns dominate life in the months between more than 200 million years.
4. Angiosperms
About 130 million years ago marked the emergence of flowering plants that have a somewhat reproductive structure
complicated where the seeds are protected by a room called the ovary.Because the seeds are protected in such a way that this group discusses closed seed plants or Angiosperms
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Class : Junior High
Subject : Biology
Keywords
- Plant
- Plant Evolution
The hydroponics root system to grow is that they use the same method as the soil root but the root volume for hydroponics is highly restricted and they don't need to use too much energy to grow.
Abnormal softening of a gland is known as the adenomalacia.
Answer:Recall that the glycolytic pathway generates NADH in the cytosol in the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and NAD+ must be regenerated for glycolysis to continue. How is cytosolic NADH reoxidized under aerobic conditions? NADH cannot simply pass into mitochondria for oxidation by the respiratory chain, because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH and NAD+. The solution is that electrons from NADH, rather than NADH itself, are carried across the mitochondrial membrane. One of several means of introducing electrons from NADH into the electron transport chain is the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (Figure 18.37). The first step in this shuttle is the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a glycolytic intermediate, to form glycerol 3-phosphate.This reaction is catalyzed by a glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the cytosol. Glycerol 3-phosphate is reoxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane by a membrane-bound isozyme of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. An electron pair from glycerol 3-phosphate is transferred to a FAD prosthetic group in this enzyme to form FADH2. This reaction also regenerates dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Explanation:
