Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Answer:
mercury-in-glass thermometer
hope it helps!!
Mitochondria is the correct answer
The answer to this question would be: Brain Natriuretic Peptide(BNP) and or Atrial Natriuretic Peptide(ANP)
Both BNP and ANP can be found in heart tissue. But BNP is more frequently used because its level is higher, thus the laboratory result could be better. Both BNP and ANP has diuretic, natriuretic and antihypertensive effect that can counter the fluid overload in congestive heart failure. That is why they are secreted when the cells are stretched.
Answer:
fatality rate that is 23 times as high than for all regular workers
