The vector, which is often a small, circular piece of dna that can exist outside the bacterial chromosome, is known as a plasmid.
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own. They normally contain only a few genes, including some linked to antibiotic resistance, and they can spread from one cell to another.
Recombinant DNA techniques are used by scientists to splice the genes they want to research into a plasmid. The inserted gene is duplicated along with the plasmid when it duplicates itself. Molecular cloning, the process of creating DNA molecules and introducing them into a host cell, uses plasmid vectors as the means of delivering recombinant DNA into the host cell.
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The style is the female reproductive part of the plant. it plays important role in plant breeding .
What is style and the role of style in reproduction ?
The stigma and ovary are connected by a long tube-like structure called the style. The pollen tubes bearing male gametes enter the style tissues and travel to the ovary's ovule once the stigma's pollen grains have germinated. Once within the embryo sac, it travels to the egg cell to fertilize it with the aid of the filiform apparatus.
The style is crucial to the plant reproduction process since it not only serves as the site for the formation of the pollen tube but also functions to prevent incompatible pollen from entering the ovary. Genetic information is transferred between the pollen and the plant when the pollen tube begins to spread within the style. The plant also produces a poison at this period. The plant will release the poison to block the formation of the pollen tube if the pollen is unsuitable because it comes from a different species or is too closely related, leading to inbreeding.
If the pollen is compatible, the plant will isolate the poison and sequester it so that the pollen tube growth is not halted. Therefore, the style is the area where compatibility is evaluated and where it is decided if pollen that falls on a flower will be allowed to fertilize the plant.
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In prokaryotes, new mutations accumulate quickly in populations, while in eukaryotes, new mutations accumulate much more slowly. The primary reasons for this are prokaryotes reproduce quickly and have vast populations.
<h2> Prokaryotes V/S Eukaryotes</h2><h3>Prokaryotes</h3>
Prokaryotes are organisms consisting of cells that don't have cell nuclei or any organelles that are enclosed in membranes. It follows that prokaryote's DNA is not contained within a nucleus.
The following components could be found in a normal prokaryotic cell:
- The membrane enclosing and guarding the cell is known as the cell wall.
- All of the cell's internal components, excluding the nucleus, are called cytoplasm.
- Some prokaryotic cells have filaments made of proteins called flagella and pili.
- A nucleoid is a cell structure that resembles a nucleus and contains genetic material.
- A plasmid is a little DNA molecule with independent reproduction.
<h3>Eukaryotes</h3>
Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus that contains DNA in the form of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms can have several cells or just one cell. Eukaryotes make up all animal life. Protists, fungi, and plants are examples of additional eukaryotes.
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Answer:
Altered states of consciousness, also referred to as non-ordinary states, contain different mental conditions in which the brain is aware but not in its normal wakeful condition like meditation etc.
Explanation:
Altered states of consciousness, also referred to as non-ordinary states, contain different mental conditions in which the brain is aware but not in its normal wakeful condition like meditation etc.
Altered states can happen from yoga class to a child's birth anywhere. They enable everyone to see our experiences and oneself with a wider lens and from different points of view than the normal mind.
The benefit associated with the meditation practice are:
1) improved attention
2) faster recovering from being sad
3) reduced stress hormones
4) reduced blood pressure
The Americans resorted to energy and gas-saving measures to
cope with the embargo and the high price of oil. The competition posed by non-OPEC members
also contributed to the drop in oil prices and this affected the Arab economy
who also took up austerity approaches to address the matter. The prices of oil later stabilized in the
1980s.
