Answer:
AT THE end of the U.S. Civil War, the International Workingmen's Association, of which Karl Marx was secretary, penned a letter to the people of the United States that read in part, "Let your citizens of today be declared free and equal, without reserve," and warned that "your victory will be complete" only if you "remove every shackle from freedom's limb."
The outcome of Reconstruction (1867-77) after the defeat of the South would determine whether the United States would be a society of free and equal citizens without regard to color, or whether it would find new shackles with which to hold the free Black population.
During Radical Reconstruction, freed slaves gained the right to vote, and throughout the South, Blacks and poor whites voted hundreds of Blacks into office from the city to the national level. Though land redistribution failed to materialize, Blacks in the South began to assert themselves as free citizens. Alarmed that a free South might threaten their own interests, the Northern bourgeoisie eventually recoiled from Reconstruction. A rising white supremacist campaign, backed by the old planters, used Klan terror to push Blacks back into semi-slave status.
Explanation:
