Answer:
Cell-mediated immunity develops through a network of interactions that results in defense against microorganisms that survive within phagocytes or other cells. The response is initiated by the recognition of intracellular microorganism antigen by T cells through the histocompatibility complex. In the CD8 response, only the target cell carrying the class I associated antigen can be lysed or induced to apoptosis. In another mechanism of the cellular response, CD4 + Th1 T cells activate, for example, cytokine-infected macrophages such as IFN. When a pathogen resists the effects of activated macrophages, chronic infection may develop.
The hormonal immunity response leads to the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevents or decreases the spread of intracellular cells by neutralizing, opsonizing and activating the complement system.
Answer:
372836
Explanation:
just use your brain do you know how to add?
The answer is D. Transports fluids throughout the plant.:)<span>
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Answer:
Both parents are heterozygous carriers.
Explanation:
Both parents are heterozygous carriers. Sickle Cell Anaemia is usually referred to as a recessive condition since an individual must have two copies of the sickle gene in order to have the disorder.
Since neither of the parents is ill, both of them must be heterozygous carriers for the child to have the disorder
A sex link trait is connected with a <span>tiny chemical assembly instruction inside of living things </span>that is carried only by the male or female <span>parent. Such as the x and y chromosomes.</span>
