Specific Description. It's neither biased nor inappropriate, since both are factually true and informing about Stephanie. And it's not a cliched statement either.
The correct answer would be option C, Negative Reinforcement.
A behavioral psychologist would observe that your studying behavior has been conditioned through negative reinforcement.
Explanation:
Negative Reinforcement is a concept that is given by B.F Skinner. He present his theory of Operant Conditioning in which he explained about negative and positive reinforcement, and negative and positive punishment.
According to Skinner, A negative reinforcement is something when a behavior or response is strengthened by removing or avoiding a negative outcome. For example, when a child do the dishes to avoid her mother's nagging.
Similarly, study to avoid bad grades is the example of negative reinforcement.
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- Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence. In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives,5 while classical conditioning involves no such enticements.
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In contrast, expert testimony is admissible only if the witness "qualifies as an expert by virtue of knowledge, skill, experience, education or training" and the testimony provided meets four requirements: increase. Knowledge helps those who know the facts to understand them.
The subject matter of the testimony must be related to the issue at issue. - The usefulness of the testimony outweighs the ill effects it can have.
In the common law system, an expert opinion is usually provided by one of the parties. Evidence must be credible, relevant to the case, conclusive rather than conclusive, and permissible for fact-checking. A fact-finder determines how much weight is given to testimony.
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