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jasenka [17]
2 years ago
11

What are the characteristics that biologists use to group organisms into vertebrate clades?

Biology
1 answer:
Dima020 [189]2 years ago
6 0
A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are based on cladistics. This is a method of comparing traits in related species to determine ancestor-descendant relationships. Clades are represented by cladograms, like the one in Figure below.
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HELP ME ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
fredd [130]

28. <u>Answer</u>: All mutations do not affect the organisms due to the following reasons:-

1. The DNA consists of both coding and non coding regions. The coding regions are known as exons and non coding regions are called as introns. The <em>non coding regions </em>do not make up the protein. Thus, if the mutations occur in non coding regions they do not affect the organism.

2. There are some mutations that result in the change of the codon but the new codon formed codes for the same amino as the previous one. This is possible because of the degeneracy of genetic code. For eg, AAA codes for lysine, however if the mutation changes this code to AAU then this also codes for lysine. Such mutations are called as <em>silent</em> mutations.

3. There are some mutations which result in the change in amino acid however the new amino acid formed is similar to the previous one in its properties for e.g leucine and isoleucine. Such mutations are called as <em>neutral</em> mutations and they do not affect the organism


29. <u>Answer</u>: 1. The process of mitosis results in the formation of <em>two diploid cells</em> whereas meiosis results in the formation of <em>4 haploid cells.</em>

2. The process of mitosis takes place to produce copies of the <em>body cells </em>whereas the process of meiosis takes place to produce the <em>gametes</em>.

<u>Explanation</u>:-

  • <u>Mitosis</u> is a process in which a cell undergoes a single round of division to produce two identical copies of itself . It occurs in 4 phases Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. This process occurs in the body cells.
  • <u>Meiosis</u> is a process in which a cell undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce 4 copies of haploid cells from a single diploid cell. This process takes place for the formation of gametes.

29. <u>Answer</u>:

<em>Pros</em>

1. Genetic engineering helps us to tackle several diseases. There are many diseases which are caused due to genetic mutations. Genetic engineering helps us to rectify these mutations and hence combat such diseases.

2. Genetic engineering helps us to produce new foods which can withstand adverse conditions such as high/low temperatures, low rainfall, are disease and pest resistant etc. This, genetic engineering helps to significantly improve crop production.

<em>Cons</em>

1. Genetic engineering leads to a decrease in genetic diversity.

2. It can lead to a decrease in the nutritional value of food as genetic engineering often causes an accelerated growth of animals and hence, the nutritional valie of poultry foods is compromised.


3 0
3 years ago
Why is it impossible for male calico cats to exist
Kisachek [45]

Answer:

genetics

Explanation:

calico cats must also inherit a gene unrelated to the X and Y chromosomes that codes for white fur. Because male cats have one X chromosome with code for black or orange and one Y chromosome with no color genes, they cannot technically be calico. About one in every 3,000 calico cats is born a male, and, unfortunately, don't live as long as female calicos due to their genetic abnormalities. XXY Syndrome renders male calicos sterile and can be the root cause of many other health problems

8 0
3 years ago
What is the ultimate source of energy for most organisms and how is this energy capture so it is useful in a food chain ?
goldfiish [28.3K]
I believe it’s the sun
As the sun gives nutrients to the plant
Plant gets satin by animal
Animal gets eaten by animal and so on and the nutrients would be passed on
3 0
3 years ago
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the
Misha Larkins [42]

Answer:

returns to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which of the following mutations would most likely affect the offspring of an<br> adult cat?
Ymorist [56]

Answer:

reproductive system

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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