Answer:
Negative Punishment
Explanation:
<u>Negative punishment</u> is a method of operant conditioning which involves <u>removing a desirable stimulus after a client acts in an undesirable manner, to discourage that behavior</u> and reduce the likelihood of the behavior being repeated by the client in future.
Answer:
a. Long Cycle Theory
Explanation:
In international relations theory, the Long Cycle Theory was first presented by George Modelski in his book <em>Long Cycles in World Politics</em> (1987). Modelski claims that <u>the US replacing Britain as the leader of the International System after World War II is part of a cycle in international relations where one hegemon is gradually replaced by another over a period of roughly a century</u>.
The transition from one hegemonic power to another leads to the new world power carrying on the costs associated with such a position. And unlike defenders of the realist school of international relations, Modelski doesn't see this cycle as produced by the anarchy of the internationals system, but rather as a natural consequence of economic and political developments, including wars. According to him, Portugal was the world hegemon in the 16th century, Netherlands in the 17th century, Britain stretched his period of international dominance over the 18th and 19th century, and since the 20th century, the United States is the world's dominant hegemon.
Answer: they could not promote national unity sufficiently but they formed a stronger federal government.
Explanation: The Federalist administrations of George Washington and John Adams could not sufficiently promote national unity because of the conflicting beliefs of their political parties. John Adams was elected and served two terms under George Washington as vice President and a single term as President. Both men had great passion for the Republic but were different in many ways.
They were however able to form a stronger and more authoritative federal government. They achieved this through the enforcement of taxes and enactment of several laws; in this they found common ground which strenghtened the powers of the federal government.
The process of redistricting can present problems for congressional representation because<u> Districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups.</u>
Redistricting is the redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines which follows the census, to accommodate the population shifts and keep districts in terms of growth population.District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of united states census.
The federal government stipulates that districts must have nearly equal population and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity.Congressional representation is models of representation . Their are of three types- delegate, trustee and politico.
To learn more about Redistricting here
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