The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations perceived as supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War.[1] The initial nations targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States with the embargo also later extended to Portugal, Rhodesia and South Africa. By the end of the embargo in March 1974,[2] the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally; US prices were significantly higher. The embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy.[3] It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock."
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
The correct answer is the drive theory of motivation.
The drive theory of motivation states that individuals are motivated to perform certain actions and behaviors in order to fulfill desires and urges that are inborn and important for our survival. According to this theory, the reduction of our drives (urges) is what underlies motivation. For instance, we are motivated to obtain food in order to fulfill our biologically inborn drive of hunger. 
        
             
        
        
        
Crèvecoeur omits the many waffling people in the middle, who wanted to stay home on their farms rather than shed blood for either side
Explanation:
John de Crèvecoeur is French born American who had done many roles in his life term like he was farmer and very good writer. In his Letter from an American Farmer he narrated the life style of American in the period of 18th century. His narration is extremely based on the how America transformed from the old thoughts and how the people has accustomed to the various races of people settled over there. He was the keen observer of the revolution and narrated his thoughts in the “Letter from an American Farmer”. While do so he has omitted the waffling people of middle who were not involved themselves in the revolution rather they were do their farming activities.
 
        
             
        
        
        
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached we can answer the following.
If I’m doing research on communication apprehension and I define high apprehension as someone who has at least 8 "ums," "uhs," or "ers" in a five minute period, I have created a(n): operational definition. 
After doing part of your research, you will be able to get some definitions straight, created by yourself. In this case, you can come up with an operational definition. which means that you collect the proper data and define it in a clear, concise way. So your operational definition can express with clarity one of the objects of the study.